The duration of strong ground motion can have a strong influence on earthquake damage. Overall, seismic hazard analyses can be grouped into three general levels. The first step was to collect the most important ground motion records worldwide. Procedures for selecting earthquake ground motions at rock. From those results, irikura and miyake 2001, 2011 proposed a manual socalled recipe of the strong ground motion prediction including an idea of characterized source model. The strength of the shaking involved in strong ground motion usually overwhelms a seismometer, forcing the use of accelerographs or strong ground motion accelerometers for recording. The pacific earthquake engineering research center peer is a ninecampus research center headquartered at the university of california, berkeley, working to develop, validate, and disseminate performancebased seismic design technologies for buildings and infrastructure to meet the diverse economic and safety needs of land owners and society. Investigation of the frequency content of ground motions. Modification of empirical strong ground motion attenuation relations to. An solid rock exposed at the surface or underlying soil. This gives access to a database of strong ground motion data parameters, and links to the data centres and web sites of the contributing agencies. Strong ground motion durations of directivity motions. The model is capable of capturing, with at most nine parameters, all those features.
The peer ground motion database beta version is an interactive web based application that allows the user to select sets of strong ground motion acceleration time series that are representative of design ground motions. This behavior can be observed in the recorded velocity waveforms shown in figure 1. Cosmos strong motion data format introduction the cosmos strong motion data file format1 is designed to be a common format that meets current needs by combining. Connell and others published strong ground motion estimation find. When uploading files to the server, only kml and shp formats are supported. From recent developments of waveform inversion of strong motion data used to estimate the rupture process, we have inferred that strong ground motion is primarily related to the slip heterogeneity inside the source rather than average slip in the entire. Strong ground motion from a nearby fault has frequency content in the same range as the natural frequencies of tall buildings. In most cases it is assumed that seismic instruments are only sensitive to the translational motion of the instruments base. In seismology, strong ground motion is the strong earthquake shaking that occurs close to less than about 50 km from a causative fault. Strong ground motion attenuation relations for chilean. Strong ground motion and concept of response spectrum.
Ground motion evaluation procedures for performancebased design. Simulations of strong ground motion in sw iberia for the 1969. The most commonly used instruments for engggineering purposes are strong motion accelerographs accelerometers. Strong ground motion characteristics in the kathmandu basin. How ground motion maps in nehrp, ibc and asce 7 are generated. Smc format files on the usgs digital data series dds7 cdrom, digitized strong motion accelerograms of north and central american earthquakes 19331986, by linda c. Jan 24, 2014 ground motion simulations that have incorporated nonlinear soil effects have found a large decrease in the predicted strong ground motion. The software implements an elastoplastic bilinear kinematic hardening constitutive model and uses a stateoftheart single step single solve time integration algorithm featuring exceptional speed, robustness and accuracy. The present work, carried out after the 2015 gorkha earthquake is a part of the collaborative study and has following objectives. These instruments record thethese instruments record the acceleration time history of ground motion at a site, called an. Nga flatfile used for development of nga models nga flatfile used for development of nga models excel file 10. Internet data reports center for engineering strong motion data. The pgv and peak ground acceleration pga at a given site are very useful for characterization of strong ground motion in earthquake engineering. How the presence of a structure influences the ground motions at a site.
Nearsource strong ground motion database the nearfault strong ground motion database that we have compiled consists of a large number of processed nearfield strong ground motions from a variety of tectonic environments around the globe, including those generated by the recent 1999 izmit, turkey, 1999 chichi, taiwan and 1999 duzce. Further, we attempted to estimate strong ground motion for the 1946 nankai earthquake with mw 8. Tilts in strong ground motion article pdf available in bulletin of the seismological society of america 966. Most instruments used in seismological practice to record ground motion are pendulum seismographs, velocigraphs, or accelerographs. The analysis of the strong ground motion shows a 2040 per cent reduction of peak frequency frequency of maximum spectral ratio amplitude and 80150 per cent increase.
Nga model for average horizontal component of peak ground motion and response spectra pdf file 3. In contrast, strong motion accelerographs are typically installed on a variety of ground conditions to capture anticipated higher earthquake ground shaking on softer soils or at nearsource. Ground motion attenuation relations the evaluation of seismic hazard requires the use of probabilistic distributions of intensity measures ims conditioned on the occurrence of an earthquake with a particular magnitude m at a given sitesource distance r. The probability density function pdf for a single im is. The strong ground motion of earthquakes has the potential to cause a great deal of damage to drinking water and wastewater utilities, particularly since most utility components are constructed from inflexible materials e. Recipe for predicting strong ground motion from crustal. The effects of the propagation path on the strong ground motion is a research area receiving sub stantial attenuation both from earthquake engineers and seismologists. Dfr 8419191, ces 8803920 and bcs 8803920 and the department of civil engineering department of civil engineering. A motion of short duration may not produce enough load reversals for damaging response to build up in a structure, even if the amplitude of the motion is high. Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method. Buildings are designed per building code standards.
Gerald brady, catherine carpenter, and nicholas brown, 1992, have names that are intended to help the user determine the contents of the files. How to select a limited number of strong ground motion records sgmrs is an important challenge for the seismic collapse capacity assessment of structures. Jain march 20 slide 3 peak ground parameters acceleration pga velocity pgv displacement pgd sudhir k. Strong ground motion prediction using virtual earthquakes. Estimation of local site effects on strong ground motion.
Next generation attenuation nga west 1 and 2 models are employed to predict the ground motion parameters of strong earthquake during the 6. While characterizing surface rupture hazard differs substantially from assessing strong ground motion hazard, the analytical approaches used to evaluate these two seismic hazards have some similarities. Furthermore, the ground motion prediction is performed by using the nga models. From these hazard curves, the ground motion amplitudes for a userspecified mean annual frequency can be interpolated and then mapped. Over 300 accelerograms, recorded during the strong vrancea seismic events mentioned above and recently redigitized, are used in the study. Software to download usgs earthquake hazard program. The data obtained from active source studies are archived at. To better understand the challenges of developing ground motion prediction equations gmpe using strong motion data, we present the physical factors that influence strong ground shaking. Data and analysis procedure seismic data the analysis employs strong motion data recorded by station nigh06 in the japanese digital strong motion seismograph network kiknet operated by national research. This study is initiated by collecting the data of ground motion parameters of the earthquake.
Distribution of the data for interface earthquakes used in this study. In the late 1990s peer recognized the need to improve access to earthquake ground motion data and thus embarked on an effort to create a webbased searchable database of strong ground motion data. Applicability of the weak motion amplification factor to strong ground motion during the lorna prieta earthquake of 1989. In seismology, strong ground motion is the strong earthquake shaking that occurs close to a.
Earthquake ground motion 33 each hazard curve provides mean annual frequencies of exceeding various user specified ground motions amplitudes. Smc format files on the usgs digital data series dds7 cdrom, digitized strongmotion accelerograms of north and central american earthquakes 19331986, by linda c. Directivity effects are the nearfault effects characterized by a pronounced twosided velocity pulse that may cause significant damages to. Summary a complete understanding of strong ground motion requires a simultaneous consideration of effects of earthquake source, propagation path and local geological site conditions.
The strong ground motions observed during the 18111812 earthquakes are attributed to the soft deposits and the deep soil column encountered in the mississippi embayment. Estimation of strong ground motion in broadfrequency band. It is essential to evaluate a subsurface structure properly for extensive and highly precise estimation of strong ground motion. Prediction of strong ground motion using the hybrid empirical. Seismic analysis of cfr dams in strong ground motion has been studied and published in the literature by various researchers 28,7,29,16,10,33,34,15,17,12. Prediction of strong ground motion using the hybrid empirical method in eastern north america 10 to propose a pointsource stochastic method, later generalized and extended by boore 1983, that could be used to estimate ground motion from such simple seismological models. This study evaluated the effect of embayment deposits on dynamic site response. Torsional effects in structures subjected to strong ground motion by shi lu and william j.
Assessment of the site effect of strong ground motion caused. Ground motion simulations that have incorporated nonlinear soil effects have found a large decrease in the predicted strong ground motion. Pdf engineering models of strong ground motion researchgate. Pdf inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic. A new probabilistic ground motion model is proposed which can act as an interface between ground motion prediction studies and structural response studies. In order to evaluate the subsurface structure, we need to validate the previously proposed subsurface structure models based on the geological data and boring exploration data using the observation data of ground shaking. This may have serious repercussions and is the topic of this dissertation. Inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic waveform data for the fault rupture history of the 1979 imperial valley, california, earthquake. The collapse capacity is considered as the ground motion intensity measure corresponding to the driftrelated dynamic instability in the structural system. Web services for realtime and catalog earthquakes, hazard maps, slabs, and more.
Nga flatfile used for development of nga models peer apps. Peer strong ground motion databases pacific earthquake. We developed a recipe for predicting strong ground motions based on a characterization of the source model for future crustal earthquakes. When opening files on the ipad, gs pro will automatically decompress kmz and zip files. Simulations of strong ground motion in sw iberia for the. Worldwide strong motion data resources are centralised at the cosmos virtual data center. Earthquake prediction studies in southern california, oct. The ground motion characteristics such as attenuation, spectral shape and duration are analyzed using the observed records of the earthquake. Strong motion is currently recording in a mixture of triggered and continuous modes. Prism is opensource software used for automatically processing strongmotion records, and is intended to be used by individuals or strongmotion networks. Hall a technical report of research supported by the national science foundation under grant nos. Worldwide strongmotion data resources are centralised at the cosmos virtual data center.
Procedures for estimating earthquake ground motions usgs. The second step was to ensure that all the data had been processed. Nonlinearity and temporal changes of fault zone site. Pdf only engineering models that directly predict groundmotion amplitude or that predict. Temporal changes in site response associated with the.
Chile strong ground motion flatfile article pdf available in earthquake spectra 324. Ground motion recording the actual ground motion at a given location is derived from instrumentally recorded motions. Strong ground motion estimation is a relatively new science. Sma strong motion analyst processing software the sma software package is a windowsbased tool designed to interactively process strong motion accelerograms, featuring instrument correction, data editing, filtering, ground motion integrations, fourier and response spectra calculations, and. The detailed guidelines and practical tools presented in this safety. Strong motion from large earthquakes has been recorded only in recent times in the nearsource region. Threedimensional nonlinear analysis of tall irregular. Points cannot be used to create a flight mission, yet can be used as a reference for gcp ground control point setup. Sep 26, 2018 sma strong motion analyst processing software is a commercial windowsbased tool designed to interactively process strong motion accelerograms, featuring instrument correction, data editing, filtering, ground motion integrations, fourier and response spectra calculations, and v1, v2, v3 file format output. In this study the full equation of pendulum motion, including the inputs of rotations and tilts, is considered. Various analytical estimators of the frequency content, such as those based on fourier spectra, power spectral density, response spectra and peak ground motion values are evaluated and compared. Gs pro can generate polygons, line strings, and points. Unclear is the actual safety margin of structures designed in accordance with strong columnweakbeam requirements of recent code provisions against dynamic instability because. Numerical simulation of strong ground motion using the stochastic ground motion model for subduction earthquakes numerical simulation of strong ground mortion.
On the other hand, a motion with moderate amplitude but long duration can produce enough duration. The aim of this paper is to build and calibrate a velocity model that will be used in the companion paper for seismic intensity modelling of the 1969 m s 8. The science of strong ground motion also deals with the variations of fault. Recipe for predicting strong ground motion from crustal earthquake scenarios kojiro irikura 1 and hiroe miyake 2 abstractwe developed a recipe for predicting strong ground motions based on a characterization of the source model for future crustal earthquakes. Data and analysis procedure seismic data the analysis employs strongmotion data recorded by station nigh06 in the japanese digital strongmotion seismograph network kik. Currently to make geodetic observations the usgs uses the global positioning system gps and also other techniques. This could be an important effect for the scenarios we consider because unconsolidated sediments are likely to be found in sedimentary basins and would be expected to behave nonlinearly during strong shaking. This study addresses the problem of characterizing strong ground motion for the purpose of computing the dynamic response of structures to earthquakes. In seismology the strong motion data provide the high frequency information to determine the rupture process and the complexity of the source mechanism. Advanced methods of predicting strong ground motions from. Assessment of the site effect of strong ground motion. The user specifies the design ground motions in terms. The results are known as uniformhazard ground motion.
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